Drugs for PUD

Commonly used antiepileptic drugs act by any of the following mechanisms, except

By enhancing GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition

By inhibiting T-type calcium channels

By blocking sodium channels

By blocking potassium channels

All the following antiepileptic drugs block sodium channels, except

Valproate

Phenytoin

Levetiracetam

Carbamazepine

All the following antiepileptic drugs enhance GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition, except

Rufinamide

Tiagabine

Lacosamide

Vigabatrin

All the following antiepileptic drugs block calcium channels, except

Zonisamide

Perampanel

Ethosuximide

Gabapentin

All the following are true regarding phenytoin, except

Used to treat all types of seizures including absence seizures

Plasma monitoring often required

Associated with teratogenic effects

Fosphenytoin is a prodrug that is safer than phenytoin when given by injection

All the following are true regarding valproate, except

Contra-indicated in women of childbearing age

Can be used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder

Potent inducer of CYP enzymes

Used to treat all types of seizures including absence seizures

All the following are true regarding ethosuximide, except

GI upset is the most common dose-related adverse effect

Co-administration with valproic acid results in decreased ethosuximide clearance

First-line drug for the treatment of generalized absence seizures

Act mainly by inhibiting L-type calcium channels in thalamocortical neurons

All the following are true regarding levetiracetam, except

Binds selectively to SV2A protein in the glutaminergic neurons

Can be used to treat myoclonic seizures of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Drug interactions are minimal compared to other antiepileptic drugs

Contra-indicated in women of childbearing age

All the following antiepileptic drugs are used to treat severe resistant seizures, except

Felbamate

Pregabalin

Vigabatrin

Lamotrigine

All the following are true regarding status epilepticus, except

Benzodiazepines are not effective in treating absence status epilepticus

Life-threatening condition in which seizure activity is uninterrupted

Treatment should be given if the duration of the seizure reaches 5 minutes

Lorazepam is used intravenously to control seizure activity in generalized tonic-clonic seizures

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