General anaesthetics

Anaesthetic potency of a drug is closely correlated with

Chemical structure

Lipid solubility

Plasma protein binding

Half-life

Most general anaesthetics enhance the activity of

Glycine receptors

GABA-A receptors

NMDA receptors

AMPA receptors

Neurophysiological changes associated with general anaesthetics include all, except

Unconsciousness

Skeletal muscle relaxation

Loss of motor and autonomic reflexes

Loss of response to painful stimulation

All the following are intravenous general anaesthetics, except

Halothane

Propofol

Ketamine

Etomidate

All the following intravenous general anaesthetics have rapid onset of action, except

Ketamine

Propofol

Etomidate

Thiopental

Adrenocortical suppression is associated with

Ketamine

Propofol

Etomidate

Thiopental

All the following are true regarding thiopental, except

Has rapid onset, but short duration of action

Hangover effect

Risk of precipitating porphyria

Raises intracranial pressure

All the following are true regarding ketamine, except

Acts by inhibiting NMDA receptors

Raises intracranial pressure

Associated with more cardiovascular and respiratory depression

Produces ‘dissociative’ anaesthesia

All the following are true regarding propofol, except

Ideal anaesthetic for day-case surgery

Associated with increased risk of tachycardia

Used for induction of anaesthesia during surgery

Can also be used for maintenance of anaesthesia during surgery

All the following are inhalational general anaesthetics, except

Dexmedetomidine

Halothane

Nitrous oxide

Isoflurane

All the following are true regarding nitrous oxide, except

Associated with the risk of bone marrow depression on prolonged administration

Must always be given with oxygen

Has slow onset of action

Has low blood:gas partition coefficient

All the following are true regarding halothane, except

Causes uterine muscle relaxation in women

Malignant hyperthermia is a common adverse effect

Has highest oil:gas partition coefficient

Produces toxic metabolite

All the following are true regarding fluorinated inhalational general anaesthetics, except

Possible risk of coronary ischaemia in susceptible patients

Has rapid onset and recovery

Not useful for day-case surgeries

Desflurane has lowest blood:gas partition coefficient

All the following are part of balanced anaesthesia, except

Skeletal muscle relaxant - To produce skeletal muscle relaxation

Opioid analgesic - To reduce peri-operative pain

Inhalation anaesthetic - To maintain anaesthesia

Antiemetic agent - To reduce nausea and vomiting

Anticholinesterase agent - To reverse neuromuscular blockade

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - To reduce post-operative pain

Benzodiazepine - To reduce anxiety & to induce sedation

Proton pump inhibitor - To reduce salivary and bronchial secretions

Intravenous anaesthetic - To induce anaesthesia

Leave a Reply Cancel reply